Computer Basics

 

😊Hello friends, in this blog we are going to learn:

1)What is a computer and basic definition of computer
2)Block diagram of modern computers or architecture of computer or the main components of a computer(Input and Output Devices, CPU and its Parts, Storage Unit)
3)Types or classification of computer memory in detail
4)Primary memory vs Secondary memory
4)RAM (Random Access Memory) vs ROM (Read Only Memory)
5)Static  RAM vs Dynamic RAM
6)Programmable ROM (PROM) vs  Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM):

🖳 Computer Word: 

                                   The word computer has been derived from Latin word compute which means to                                            calculate.

🖳 Computer Definition: 

                                    A computer is a electronic device that accepts data and instructions as input,

                                    process data and provides useful information as output and can store it.

A computer consists of following three main components 

        1. Input/Output Unit

        2. Central Processing Unit

        3. Memory Unit

1. Input /Output Devices: 

                                           

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): 

                                                         CPU is the brain of computer.

                                                         It consists a set of registers, arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control                                                           unit (CU), which together interpret and execute instructions in                                                                   assembly language.

               * Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):      Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

               * Control Unit (CU):    Control and coordinate the activities of all other units such as ALU,                                                           Memory and I/O devices.

              * Registers:   These are used to quickly accept, store and transfer data and instructions that are                                    being used immediately by the CPU. it stores temporary results during                                                      computation.

3. Memory Unit:

                              Stores instructions or data. Computer memory can be classified mainly into two                                        types : 

                                      1. Primary /Main/ Internal Memory:  communicates directly with the CPU

                                      2. Auxiliary / Secondary / External Memory: 

                                                  Data in secondary memory cannot be processed directly by the CPU, it                                                       must first be copied into primary memory, i.e. RAM.

                            Primary memory and Secondary Memory can be further classified as:

 Difference Between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory:

Primary memory	Secondary memory
communicates directly with the CPU	Data in secondary memory cannot be processed directly by the CPU, it must first be copied into primary memory, i.e. RAM
Expensive and very Fast	It is the slower and cheaper form of memory
Temporary may be volatile	Permanent
	Always Non - Volatile

Difference Between RAM (Random Access Memory ) and ROM (Read Only Memory):

RAM	ROM
Volatile.	Non-Volatile.
Temporary (Data can be modified).	Permanent (Data cannot be modified).
Costlier and faster.	Comparatively cheaper and slower.
Used for CPU processing.	Used to store the instructions that require during the bootstrapping.

RAM- It is also known as read/write memory, that allows CPU to read as well as write data and instructions into it.

ROM-can have data and instructions written to it only one time.

Difference Between SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory ) and DRAM ( Dynamic Random Access Memory ):

DRAM- must be refreshed continually to store information

Classification Of ROM:

(i) Programmable ROM (PROM): Non-volatile, One-time programmable device and data can not be modified.

(ii) Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM): It is similar to PROM, but it can be erased by exposure to strong ultraviolet light (Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable ROM (UVEPROM)) or erased electrically  ( Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM)) , then rewritten. 

😊

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